Dive deeper into Taiwan's background.
Explore the turning points in Taiwan’s past, from early settlement to modern democracy.
Taiwan’s earliest settlers were Austronesian-speaking Indigenous tribes, who arrived over 6,000 years ago. Their unique languages, oral traditions, and spiritual practices still echo in Taiwan’s cultural identity today.
In the 1600s, the Dutch and Spanish established trading posts and fortresses on Taiwan. While short-lived, their rule introduced Christianity and maritime trade routes that shaped Taiwan’s role in global commerce.
In 1662, Ming loyalist Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga) expelled the Dutch and established a Chinese stronghold in Taiwan. His rule marked the beginning of lasting Han Chinese cultural influence.
The Qing Empire annexed Taiwan in 1683, integrating it as a prefecture of Fujian Province. Waves of Han Chinese immigrants settled the island, farming and developing coastal cities.
Following the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, Japan ruled Taiwan for 50 years. Though repressive, Japan built modern infrastructure, schools, railroads, and industries still visible today.
On February 28, 1947, protests over police brutality escalated into a violent crackdown by the Kuomintang (KMT). Thousands were killed, and the event became a symbol of suppressed freedom.
In 1949, after fleeing China, the KMT imposed martial law on Taiwan. Civil liberties were suspended, dissent was punished, and one-party rule lasted for nearly four decades.
In 1987, martial law was lifted, opening the path to democracy. New political parties, social movements, and press freedom began reshaping the island’s future.
In 1996, Taiwan held its first direct presidential election. It marked a major milestone in democratization, with peaceful voting and widespread international recognition.
Today, Taiwan is a vibrant democracy known for its technology, education, and strong civic participation. It remains a beacon of progress in East Asia with a unique global presence.